Nutrition in plants. Important questions and answers
Nutrition in plants
Questions and answers.
Question's types- A) Very Short
B)Short
C) MCQ
D) Long
A.Very Short Type Questions & answers.
1. Name the pores through which leaves exchange gases
Ans: Stomata
2. Name the process by which plants make food
Ans: Photosynthesis
3. What is photosynthesis ?
Ans: Photosynthesis may define as,
" Photosynthesis (photos means light; synthesis means formation) is an anabolic process by which green plants make their own food glucose (carbohydrate) from simple inorganic substances like carbon di oxide , water by using sunlight energy in the presence of chlorophyll and release oxygen".
The equation of photosynthesis is as below
Carbon di oxide + water-------> glucose + oxygen
4. State whether the following
statements are true or false
(a) Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis.
Ans: False
(3) Solar energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
Ans: True
The product of photosynthesis is not a protein
Ans: True
(d) A plant having red leaves cannot do photosynthesis.
Ans: True (False if there is chlorophyll covered by red coloured pigments.)
(e) Plants which synthesise their food themselves are called saprotrophs.
Ans: False
5. Name any one plant which has nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria in its roots.
Ans: Pea plant (Leguminous plant)
6. What do the patches of green layer floating on the surface of stagnant water bodies like ponds and lakes consist of ?
Ans: Algae (Chlorophyll) .
7. Why are algae green
Ans: Algae contain green coloured chemical pigments called Chlorophyll.
8. (a) Name a gas used in photosynthesis.
Ans: Carbon di oxide (CO2).
(b) Name a gas produced in photosynthesis
Ans: Oxygen
9. What name is given to those organisms
(a) which can make their own food ?
Ans: Autotrophs.
(b) which depend on other organisms for food ?
Ans: Heterotrophs.
10. Rhizobium bacteria and leguminous plant help each other in survival. What is this relationship known as?
Ans: Symbiotic
11. What name is given to the relationship between an algae and fungus in lichens ?
Ans: Symbiotic
12. Where does the synthesis of food in a plant usually take place?
Ans: In the green leaves containing mesophil tissue.
13. Why are the leaves of a plant usually green ?
Ans: Due to presence of green coloured chemical pigments called chlorophyll.
14. Name the green pigment present in the leaves of a plant.
Ans: Chlorophyll
15. Name three plant nutrients commonly present in fertilisers and manures
Ans: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
16. Name the bacteria which convert nitrogen gas of air into nitrogen compounds.
Ans: Rhizobium bacteria whose habitat is under the soil in the roots of legume plants (like pea plant) .
17. What type of plants have Rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules ?
Ans: Leguminous plants (like pea plant).
18. Name any two leguminous plants.
Ans: Pea plants, Beans plants
19. Name one autotrophic plant and one heterotrophic plant.
Ans: Wheat autotrophic, Mushroom heterotrophic plant.
20. Name a parasitic plant with yellow, slender and tubular stem.
Ans: Cuscuta plant.
21. Name a plant which has both autotrophic as well as heterotrophic modes of nutrition
Ans: Insectivorous or carnivorous plants (Pitcher plants, Sundew plants) have both autotrophic as well as heterotrophic modes of nutrition.
22. Name one plant in which photosynthesis occurs in plant part other than leaves. Name the plant part
Ans: In Cactus plant photosynthesis occurs in the Stem of the plant rather than leaves.
23. Name four foods made by plants which are an important part of our diet.
Ans: Rice, wheat (carbohydrates),
Oil (fat), Pulses (protein), Vegetables like Spinach (vitamins).
24. The heterotrophic plants can be divided into two groups on the basis of their mode of nutrition name
these two groups.
Ans: These two groups are 1) Parasites, 2) Saprophytes
25. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words
(a) Fungi like mushroom and yeast are useful.
(b) Saprotrophs secrete digestive juices on dead and decaying matter and convert it into a solution
(c) The tiny spores of fungus plants always present in air
(d) In lichens, the chlorophyll containing partner is an alga
(e) The leather objects that are left in hot and humid weather for long time are spoiled due to the growth of fungus
(f) The food synthesised by plants is stored as Starch
(g) In photosynthesis, solar energy is captured by the pigment called Chlorophyll
(h) During photosynthesis, plants take in Carbon di oxide and release Oxygen
(i) The gas produced during photosynthesis which is essential for the survival of all organisms is Oxygen.
(j) The simplest carbohydrate made as food by photosynthesis is Glucose (starch).
(k) Crop plants require a lot of nitrogen to make Proteins
(l) The bodies of living organisms are made up of tiny units called Cells
Short question answer
26.
Ans: 1-D, 2-A, 3-E, 4-B, 5-C
27. How would you test the presence of starch in leaves ?
Ans: Presence of starch in leaves can be tested as following steps.
(1) Pluck a green leaf from a plant.
(2) Boil the leaf in alcohol to remove the green pigment chlorophyll from it.
(3) Wash the decolourised leaf with water to remove any chlorophyll sticking to it.
(4) Pour dilute iodine solution from a dropper over the decolourised leaf.
(5) Appearance of blue-black colour in leaf shows the presence of starch in it.
28. What is special about the leaves that they can synthesise food but other parts of a plant cannot?
Ans: Photosynthesis take place in the Presence of carbon dioxide, water & minerals, sunlight and chlorophyll.
If any one of these remain absent photosynthesis do not occur.
Plants get carbon dioxide from air water from underground water source, sunlight from sun and chlorophyll only from green leaves.
Leaves are the only special parts of the plants that contain chlorophyll other than other parts of the plants. ( Except cactus plants which contain chlorophyll in the stem )
That's why leaves (green) can photosynthesis food but others parts of a plant can not.
29. In addition to carbon dioxide and water, state two other conditions necessary for the process of photosynthesis to take place.
Ans: In addition to carbon-di-oxide and water others two conditions necessary for photosynthesis are 1) Chlorophyll
2) Sunlight.
Chlorophyll: It absorbs light energy from the sun and supplies this energy to the leaves to enable them to carry out photosynthesis for making food.
Sunlight: Since all the food on this earth is made by utilising solar energy , therefore sun is the ultimate source of energy for all the living organisms.
30. Consider the following organisms:
Lichen, Mushroom, Cuscuta, Grass, Pitcher plant Out of these, which one is
(a) an autotroph?
Ans: Grass
(b) a saprophyte
Ans: Mushroom
(c) Symbiotic plant
Ans: Lichen
(d) a partial heterotroph ?
Ans: Pitcher plant
(e) a parasite ?
Ans: Cuscuta
31. Why do organisms need to take food ? What are the two main modes of nutrition in organisms ?
Ans: AIl the living organisms (plants and animals) require food. The organisms need to take food (i) to obtain energy (ii) to obtain materials for growth, and (iii) to obtain materials for the repair of damaged parts of the body.
Two main modes of nutritions in organisms are 1) Autotrophic nutrition (nutrition of autographs)
2) Heterotrophic nutrition
(nutrition of heterottophs)
32. What is meant by an autotroph ? Name one autotroph.
Ans: Those organisms which can make food themselves from simple substances (like carbon dioxide and water) by the process of photosynthesis, are called autotrophs (and their mode of nutrition is called autotrophic). All the green plants are autotrophs. This is because green plants can make their own food by the process of photosynthesis.
33. What is meant by a heterotroph ? Give one example of a heterotroph
Ans: Those organisms which cannot make food themselves by the process of photosynthesis and take food from green plants or animals, are called heterotrophs (and their mode of nutrition is called heterotrophic). All the non-green plants and animals (including human beings) are heterotrophs. The non-green plants do not have chlorophyll for carrying out the process of food making called photosynthesis.
34. Explain why, we cannot make food ourselves by photosynthesis like the plants do.
Ans: Photosynthesis take place in the Presence of carbon dioxide, water & minerals, sunlight and chlorophyll.
If any one of these remain absent photosynthesis do not occur.
We are the human beings without chlorophyll .
So, we can not make food ourselves by photosynthesis like the plants do as the
Plants get carbon dioxide from air, water from underground water source, sunlight from sun and chlorophyll from green leaves.
35. What are insectivorous plants ? Name an insectivorous plant.
Ans: There are some green plants which obtain their food partly from the soil and atmosphere, and partly from small insects. Those green plants which obtain their food partly from insects are called Insectivorous plants. Insectivorous plants are also known as carnivorous plants.
Example of an insectivorous plant is Pitcher plant.
36. Why do farmers spread fertilisers and manures in the fields ?
Ans: The plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium present in the soil naturally. When the plants are grown, they absorb the nutrients from the soil due to which the amount of plant nutrients in the soil goes on decreasing. And when the crop plants are grown in the same fields again and again, then the soil becomes deficient in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Due to this reason farmers spread fertilisers and manures to maintain Nutritions.
37. What are plant parasites ? Name one plant which is a parasite.
Ans: Plants (or animals) which live on or inside another organism (called host) and derive the food from it, are called parasites. Those non-green plants which obtain their food from the living bodies of other plants (or animals) are called plant parasites.
Cuscuta plant (which is also kemon as Amarble in hindi) is a parasite plant.
38. What are saprophytes ? Name one saprophyte.
Ans: Non green plants which obtain their food or nutrition from dead and decaying organic matter ( plants and animals) are called Saprophytes.
Non green plants fungi like mushroom, bread mould , yeast are the examples of Saprophytes.
39. Proteins are nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) foods. How do plants get nitrogen for making proteins?
Ans: Plants get nitrogen for making proteins by the following two ways
(1) By adding fertilisers and manures:
Two most common fertisers which are enriched with nitrogen are NPK, Urea.
NPK provides Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (K= Kalium, it is potassium's latin name) to the soil in the filled whereas Urea provides only Nitrogen .
(2) By growing leguminous plants: The plants do not get nitrogen from the air directly but Rhizobium bacteria can .
Some leguminous plants like gram (chana), peas , pulses have root nodules which contain Rhizobium bacteria. This bacteria can covert nitrogen gas of air into nitrogen compound likes nitrates which are used by the plants to make proteins.
40. (a) Name the large, spherical
structure usually located in the centre of a cell.
Ans: Nucleus
(b) The nucleus in a cell is surrounded by a jelly-like material. Name this material.
Ans: Cytoplasm.
(c) Name the thin, outer covering which encloses a cell.
Ans: Cell membrane or plasma membrane.
(d) Name any two parts present in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Ans: Cell wall, Plastids.
Q no. 41 to 45 Long answer type questions has been provided after MCQ
46. Which part of the plant gets carbon dioxide from air in photosynthesis ?
A. Root hair
B. Stomata
C. Leaf veins
D. Sepals.
47. Plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere mainly through their
A. Roots
B. Stems
C. Flowers
D. Leaves
48. Cuscuta (Amarbel) is an example of
A. Autotroph
B. Parasite
C. Saprotroph
D. Host
49. The plant which traps and feeds on insects is
A.Cuscuta plant
B. China rose plant
C. Pitcher plant
D. Rose plant
50. When dilute iodine solution is poured over a decolorize erin leaf, a blue black colour is produced
This shows that the green leaf contains
A. Glucose
B. Cellulose
C. Starch
D. Sucrose
51. The stem of one of the following plants can do photosynthesis. This plant is
A.Mushroom
B. Croton
C. Cuscuta
D. Cactus
52. Which of the following plant has a heterotrophic mode of nutrition ?
A. Money plant
B. Croton plant
C. Cuscuta
D. Cactus
53. One of the following is not a parasite. This one is
A. Lice
B. Leech
C. Alaga
D. Cuscuta
54. Which of the following are not present in an animal cell ?
A. Mitochondria
B. Cytoplasm
C. Chloroplast
D. Large vacuole
C&D both
55. Which of the following can make its own food?
A. Giraffe
B. Goat
C. Grass
D. Gorilla
56. One of the following is an autotroph. This one is
A. Alligator
B. Algae
C. Antelope
D. Ant
57. The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into
A. Kinetic energy
B. Chemical energy
C. Potential energy
D. Nuclear energy
58. Which of the following plants is an example of autotroph
A. Mushroom
B. Yeast
C. Bread mould
D. Mimosa
** Mimosa is a sensitive plant known as "touch me not" it's sciencetific name is mimosa pudica.**
59. Which one of the following is a heterotroph?
A. Mimosa
B. Mushroom
C. Mango
D. Mangrove
60 Which of the following are saprophytes ?
A. Mango
B. Mushroom
C. Yeast
D. Yak
B&C both
61. The green insectivorous plants trap insects, kill them and digest them to obtain mainly
A. Glucose
B. Starch
C. Nitrogen
D. Oxygen
62 Which of the following show symbiosis ?
A. Alga and fungus
B. Alga and fish
C. Rhizobium and pea plant
D. Rhizobium and money plant
63. The mineral needed by plants to make proteins is:
A. Neon
B. Iodine
C. Nitrogen
D. Calcium
64. The tubes (or pipes) which transport water and dissolved minerals from the soil to the leaves of a plant are called
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Epidermis
D. Stomata
65. Which of the following is not required for photosynthesis by the green leaves of a plant ?
A. Carbon dioxie
B. Oxygen
C. Sunlight.
D. Water
66. The simplest food produced during photosynthesis is :
A. Starch
B. Cellulose
C. Glucose
D. Sucrose
67 which part of a plant is called its food factory ?
A. Stem
B. Roots
C. Branches
D. Leaves
68.In a cactus plant, food is made by
A. Branches
B. Roots
C. Leaves
D. Stem
69. Which of the following gas is given out during photosynthesis ?
A. Nitrogen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen
D. Water vapour
70. The carnivorous plants usually have one of the following specialised organs to catch their prey:
A. Stems
B. Branches
C. Leaves
D. Modified roots
Long answer type question
41 Give a brief description of the process of synthesis of food in green plants. What is chlorophyll ? What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis ?
Ans: Description of photosynthesis
Green plants are autotrophic and synthesise (or make) their own food by the process of photosynthesis.
The green plants make their food from simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight chlorophyll.
We can now define photosynthesis as follows:
The process by which green plants make their own food (like glucose) from carbon dioxide and water by using sunlight energy (in the presence of chlorophyll) is called photosynthesis.
The process of photosynthesis can be represented by a word equation as follows:
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is a green substance which is present in the leaves of plants. In fact, it is the presence of chlorophyll which makes the leaves look green.
Role of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun and supplies this energy to the leaves to enable them to carry out photosynthesis for making food.
Chlorophyll is also responsible for the green colouring of the leaves.
Please note that chlorophyll is present in every leaf of a plant in the form of hundreds of tiny structures called chloroplast.
42(a) How do plants get carbon dioxide for making food by photosynthesis ?
Ans: The plants take carbon dioxide gas needed for photosynthesis from air through the tiny pores called stomata present on the surface of leaves .
The carbon dioxide gas present in air enters the leaves of a plant through the stomatal pores and utilised in photosynthesis. The stomatal pores of leaves open only when carbon dioxide is to be taken in or oxygen is to be released otherwise they remain closed.
(b) Explain how, water and minerals are transported to the leaves of a plant to be used in food making by photosynthesis.
Ans: The plants take water needed for photosynthesis from the soil. Plants also need minerals to make foods for example plant need nitrogen (mineral) to make proteins.
Soil always contains some minerals dissolved in water present in it (soil). Water containing minerals present in the soil is absorbed by the roots of a plant and then transported to the leaves through the vessels which run like inter-connected pipes throughout the roots, stem, branches and leaves. The tiny, pipe-like vessels which transport water from the roots of a plant to its leaves are called xylem.
43. Describe briefly how nutrients are replenished in the soil ? How is the growing of a leguminous crop in the fields beneficial to the farmer ?
Ans: The main nutrients required by the plants are nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. These are called minerals nutrients or nutrients which are to be added from time to time to enrich the soil.
The plant nutrients are replenished in the soil in the following two ways..
1. By adding Fertilisers and Manures in the soil.
Fertilisers and manures contain plant nutrients (or minerals) such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc. So, when fertilisers and manures are added to the soil in the fields, then the soil gets enriched with nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc. The crop plants can then grow well in this soil. Thus, plant nutrients are added in the cultivated fields in the form of fertilisers and manures so as to get good crops.
2. By planting leguminous plants
Minerals like nitrogen which is very much essential for the plants growth Can be Replenished in the Soil by Growing Leguminous Crops.
Though a lot of nitrogen gas is present in the air but the plants cannot use nitrogen in gaseous form
The plants need nitrogen in the form of water soluble compounds (such as nitrates). The leguminous plants (pea, pulses) have root nodules in them which contain Rhizobium bacteria. Rhizobium bacteria can convert nitrogen gas of air into nitrogen compounds (like nitrates) and then plant can take it easily and rest of the nitrogen compounds (nitrates) mixed with the soil in the filled .Thus the soil in the filled enriched with nitrogen compounds in natural way and do not need to buy any kind of chemical fertiliser for nitrogen requirements.
Hence growing of leguminous plans in the filled are beneficial to the farmer.
These plants are also called as friends of farmer . This is because farmers do not need to waste money buying chemical fertilisers (urea).
44.(a) A person observes that some plants have deep red, violet and brown coloured leaves Can these leaves carry out photosynthesis ? Give reason for your answer (b) Describe the importance of photosynthesis for the existence of life on the earth.
Ans: Yes! These colourfull leaves can carry out photosynthesis if the leaves contain chlorophyll (covered by other pigments).
Most of the plants have green coloured leaves. Some of the plants, however, have leaves of other colours such as red, violet, brown, etc. The leaves having colours other than green also have chlorophyll in them. Actually, the large amount of red, violet, brown or other pigments in such leaves masks the green colour of chlorophyll. So, photosynthesis also takes place in the leaves having colours other
than green.
Importance of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is important for the existence of life on this earth. In the absence of photosynthesis, life would be impossible on this earth. This is due to the following reasons:
(i) Photosynthesis by plants provides food to animals (including human beings). So, the survival of animals (including human beings) depends on the food made by plants by photosynthesis. In the absence of photosynthesis, there would be no plants on this earth and hence no animals will survive.
(ii) The process of photosynthesis by plants puts oxygen gas into the air. It is this oxygen gas which the animals (including human beings) use for breathing and respiration. In the absence of photosynthesis, there would be no oxygen in air and hence no animals could exist on this earth.
(iii) By photosynthesis plants control global warming .
During photosynthesis plants take carbon di oxide which is a green house gas and responsible for global warming. Thus green plants keep our globe warm free and make it cool by absorbing carbon di oxide and releasing pure oxygen.
45. (a) What are the various modes of nutrition in plants ? Give one example of each
Ans: The methods of obtaining food are called modes of nutrition. On the basis of their modes of nutrition, all the organisms can be divided into two main groups :
1. Autotrophs (or Autotrophic), and
2. Heterotrophs (or Heterotrophic).
We will now describe both these modes of nutrition of organisms in detail, one by one.
Autotrophic nutrition :
The organisms which can make food themselves are called as autotrophs and their nutrition is known as autotrophic nutrition.
These are two types
(1) Photosynthetic nutrition :
Green plans make their own food by the process of photosynthesis and the nutrition of green plants is called photosynthetic nutrition.
(2)Chemosynthetic nutrition :
Some bacteria can make or synthesis food by the help of some chemical substances and get their nutrition which is known as chemosythetic nutrition.
Heterotrophic nutrition :
Some plants, however, do not contain chlorophyll and hence cannot synthesise their food. They are called heterotrophs and their nutrition is known as heterotrophic nutrituon. Depending on their mode of obtaining food, heterotrophic nutrition can be divided into four groups:
These are
1) Saprophytic :
Non green plants which obtain their food or nutrition from dead and decaying organic matter are called as saprophytes and their nutrition is known as saprophytic nutrition.
Example - Nutrition of mushroom.
2) Parasitic :
A plant or animal which lives on or inside another organism and derives food from it is called as a parasite and their nutrition is known as parasitic nutrition.
Example - Nutrition of Cuscuta plant.
3) Symbiotic :
Living together of two different spesies as if they are the parts of same plants and they help each other in obtaining food is called symbiosis.
This type of nutrition involving symbiosis occurs in the plants called 'Lichens' .
4) Insectivorous:
Some green plants obtain their food partly by eating small insects to obtain nitrogen compounds needed for growth are called insectivorous plants.
Example - Pitcher plant, sundew etc
We can show different models of nutrition in a table as given below
(b) What do you understand by symbiosis? Explain with an example.
Ans: Living together of two different spesies as if they are the parts of same plants and they help each other in obtaining food is called symbiosis.
This type of nutrition involving symbiosis occurs in the plants called 'Lichens' .
In lichens the green coloured plant called alga (autotroph) and non green plant fungus (saprophyte) live together.
The fungus absorbs water , minerals and supplies them to alga and the alga plant being green prepare the food by photosynthesis and shares food with fungus.
Another example of symbiotic relationship is provided by Rhizobium bacteria and leguminous plants.
Rhizobium cannot make their own food but can absorb nitrogen gas and convert into nitrates and give them to leguminous plants for their growth.
In return leguminous plants give food and shelter to Rhizobium bacteria.
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